Adaptations of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to Agricultural Data Models with ELI5, PDPbox, and Skater using Diverse Agricultural Worker Data
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
We use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) based on Explain Like I’m 5 (ELI5), Partial Dependency Plot box (PDPbox), and Skater to analyze diverse physical agricultural (agri-) worker datasets. We have developed various promising body-sensing systems to enhance agri-technical advancement, training and worker development, and security. This includes wearable sensing systems (WSSs) that can capture real-time three-axis acceleration and angular velocity data related to agri-worker motion by analyzing human dynamics and statistics in different agri-environments, such as fields, meadows, and gardens. After investigating the obtained time-series data using a novel program written in Python, we discuss our findings and recommendations with real agri-workers and managers. In this study, we use XAI and visualization to analyze diverse data of experienced and inexperienced agri-workers to develop an applied method for agri-directors to train agri-workers.
References
-
Hariharan S, Rejimol Robinson, RR, Prasad RR, Thomas C, Balakrishnan N. XAI for intrusion detection system: comparing explanations based on global and local scope. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques. 2022; 1–23.
Google Scholar
1
-
Kłosok M, Chlebus M. Towards better understanding of complex machine learning models using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): Case of credit scoring modelling. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences; 2020.
Google Scholar
2
-
Agarwal N, Das S. Interpretable machine learning tools: a survey. Proceedings of 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). 2020; 1528–1534.
Google Scholar
3
-
Das A, Rad P. Opportunities and challenges in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): A survey. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2006. 2020; 11371.
Google Scholar
4
-
Vollert S, Atzmueller M, Theissler A. Interpretable machine learning: A brief survey from the predictive maintenance perspective. Proceedings of 26th IEEE international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA). 2021; 1–8.
Google Scholar
5
-
Islam SR, Eberle W, Ghafoor SK, Ahmed M. Explainable artificial intelligence approaches: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.09429. 2021.
Google Scholar
6
-
Dindorf C, Konradi J, Wolf C, Taetz B, Bleser G, Huthwelker J, Fröhlich M. Classification and automated interpretation of spinal posture data using a pathology-independent classifier and explainable artificial intelligence (Xai). Sensors. 2021; 21(18): 23–63.
Google Scholar
7
-
Galhotra S, Pradhan R, Salimi B. Explaining black-box algorithms using probabilistic contrastive counterfactuals. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 577-590, 2021.
Google Scholar
8
-
Bücker M, Szepannek G, Gosiewska A, Biecek P. Transparency, auditability, and explainability of machine learning models in credit scoring. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2022; 73(1): 70–90.
Google Scholar
9
-
Goodwin NL, Nilsson SR, Choong JJ, Golden SA. Toward the explainability, transparency, and universality of machine learning for behavioral classification in neuroscience. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2022; 73: 102544.
Google Scholar
10
-
Ferreira LA, Guimarães FG, Silva R. Applying genetic programming to improve interpretability in machine learning models. Proceedings of 2020 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC), pp. 1-8, 2020.
Google Scholar
11
-
Linardatos P, Papastefanopoulos V, Kotsiantis S. Explainable ai: A review of machine learning interpretability methods. Entropy. 2020; 23(1), 18: 1–45.
Google Scholar
12
-
Li XH, Cao CC, ShiY, Bai W, Gao H, Qiu L, Chen L. A survey of data-driven and knowledge-aware explainable ai. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2020; 34(1): 29–49.
Google Scholar
13
-
Saeed W, Omlin C. Explainable ai (xai): A systematic meta-survey of current challenges and future opportunities. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2111.06420. 2021.
Google Scholar
14
-
Duval A. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). MA4K9 Scholarly Report, Mathematics Institute, The University of Warwick. 2019; 1–53.
Google Scholar
15
-
Lai V, Chen C, Liao QV, Smith-Renner A, Tan C. Towards a science of human-ai decision making: a survey of empirical studies. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2112.11471. 2021.
Google Scholar
16
-
行動Sharma S, Jagyasi B, Raval J, Patil P. AgriAcT: Agricultural Activity Training using multimedia and wearable sensing. Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops). 2015; 439–444.
Google Scholar
17
-
Patil PA, Jagyasi BG, Raval J, Warke N, Vaidya PP. Design and development of wearable sensor textile for precision agriculture. Proceedings of IEEE 7th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), pp. 1-6, 2015.
Google Scholar
18
-
Kawakura S, Shibasaki R. Supporting systems for agricultural workers’ skill and security. Proceedings of Asian Association on Remote Sensing|ACRS|AARS 2013, pp. 71-77, 2013.
Google Scholar
19
-
Bao L. Physical Activity Recognition from Acceleration Data under Semi-Naturalistic Conditions. Master thesis at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. unpublished officially; 2003.
Google Scholar
20
-
Karim F, Karim F. Monitoring system using web of things in precision agriculture. Procedia Computer Science. 2017; 110: 402–409.
Google Scholar
21
-
Pandey A, Tiwary P, Kumar S, Das SK. A hybrid classifier approach to multivariate sensor data for climate smart agriculture cyber-physical systems. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, pp. 337-341, 2019.
Google Scholar
22
-
Wang CH, Liu CY, Pan PN, Pan HR. Research into the E-learning model of agriculture technology companies: Analysis by deep learning. Agronomy. 2019; 9(2), 83: 1–16.
Google Scholar
23
-
Vigoroso LF, Caffaro C, Micheletti M, Cavallo E. Innovating Occupational Safety Training: A Scoping Review on Digital Games and Possible Applications in Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 18–68.
Google Scholar
24
-
Nnaji C, Okpala I, Awolusi I. Wearable sensing devices: Potential impact & current use for incident prevention. Professional Safety. 2020; 65(4): 16–24.
Google Scholar
25
-
Taylor JET, Taylor GW. Artificial cognition: How experimental psychology can help generate explainable artificial intelligence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2021; 28(2): 454–475.
Google Scholar
26
-
Anagnostis A, Benos L, Tsaopoulos D, Tagarakis A, Tsolakis N, Bochtis D. Human Activity Recognition through Recurrent Neural Networks for Human–Robot Interaction in Agriculture. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(5): 2188–2207.
Google Scholar
27
Most read articles by the same author(s)
-
Shinji Kawakura,
Masayuki Hirafuji,
Seishi Ninomiya,
Ryosuke Shibasaki,
Visual Analysis of Agricultural Workers using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) on Class Activation Map (CAM) with Characteristic Point Data Output from OpenCV-based Analysis , European Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
Similar Articles
- Atif Aziz, Artificial Intelligence Produced Original Work: A New Approach to Copyright Protection and Ownership , European Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.